In July 1940, consular officials from three nations conspired to open an escape route for Jews out of occupied France. Why did they do it?
From 1880s to the 1930s, the Ringel family prospered in the garment trade in the German capital. Herman made men's outerwear.
The Ratner family became established in the Fifth Ward of Albany, N.Y. Abe bottled soda water and Rose nurtured a brood of children.
Herman Ringel and Walter Ruby wore opposing uniforms in the Great War.