In July 1940, consular officials from three nations conspired to open an escape route for Jews out of occupied France. Why did they do it?
The home of a French Jewish jeweller was "Aryanized" and became a Nazi salon during the Occupation.
From 1880s to the 1930s, the Ringel family prospered in the garment trade in the German capital. Herman made men's outerwear.
During the first five years of Hitler's reign of terror, Jewish families of Berlin faced one repression after another.